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What is subnetting


Subnetting:-

Subnetting is a networking technique. It is used to divide a large network into smaller networks. This technique simplifies the network. And also secures the network.
Concept of Subnetting:- Subnetting is a technique. Through which a large IP network is divided into smaller parts. Each part or subnet creates a different IP address or subnet mask. Through subnetting, the network administrator can divide a large network into smaller parts. This improves the security of the network.
Structure of IP address and subnet mask:- An IP address is a 32-bit digit. It is divided into four octets. For example, 192.168.1.1 is an IP address. Each octet represents a digit from 0 to 255. The subnet mask is also a single 32-bit digit. It is used to divide the IP address into network and host parts. For example 255.255.255.0 is a subnet mask in which the first three octets are part of the network. And the last octet is of the host.
Importance of Subnetting:- 1. Improvement in network management: Through subnetting, the network administrator divides the large network into smaller parts. Due to which the management of the network becomes simple and easy. 2. Increase in security: With the use of subnetting, each subnet is secured with a different security policy. Due to which it becomes very secure. 3. Improvement in network performance: With the use of subnetting, network traffic can also be divided through smaller networks, which reduces traffic. And network performance improves. 4. Improvement in IP address management: The shortage of IP addresses is prevented through subnetting. And the addresses are reused in the network.
Subnetting process with an example:- The IP address of a network is 192.168.1.0. And its subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. This network gives a total of 256 (2^8) addresses. Out of which 254 are for use. (0 and 255 cannot be used.) This network is divided into four smaller subnets. For this we use the subnet mask. So its new subnet mask will be 255.255.255.192. This will give each subnet 64 (2^6) addresses. Out of which 62 will be for use.
Address of subnet:- 1. First subnet: Network address - The address of the first subnet will be 192.168.1.0. Broadcast address - Its broadcast address will be 192.168.1.63. Useful Address - The address to be used in this will be from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.62. 2. Second Sub Network: Network Address - The address of the second sub network will be 192.168.1.64. Broadcast Address - Its broadcast address will be 192.168.1.127. Useful Address - The address to be used in this will be from 192.168.1.65 to 192.168.1.126. 3. Third Sub Network: Network Address - The address of the third sub network will be 192.168.1.128. Broadcast Address - Its broadcast address will be 192.168.1.191. Useful Address - The address to be used in this will be from 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.190. 4. Fourth sub network: Network address - The address of the fourth sub network will be 192.168.1.192. Broadcast address - Its broadcast address will be 192.168.1.255. Useful address - The address to use in this will be from 192.168.1.193 to 192.168.1.254. From this example we come to know that through subnetting a large network can be divided into smaller sub networks. The network administrator works to manage and secure it.

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) :-
CIDR is a networking technique. Using which subnetting can be run in a good way. Through this, IP address and subnet mask are written with a slash. Such as 192.168.1.0/26. Through CIDR the network is made bigger and simpler.
Conclusion:- Subnetting is a very important technique, using it the network is managed and secured. By using subnetting correctly the network administrator makes his network secure.
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