Cyber Android

Common network issues and solutions in computer networks:- Computer networks are an important part of modern organizations. Data is sent and received using it. And it is used for communication and connecting resources. It is necessary to fix the problem of the network. So that the functionality of the network can be increased and made efficient. 1. Connectivity problems :- Problem: If a user is unable to connect to the network. Solution:- Reboot the computer and router: If the user is unable to connect to the network, then he can connect to the network by resetting the circuit first. Check the network cable and connection: if the user is unable to connect to the network. Then check the network cable to see if the network cable is connected correctly or not. And whether the network cable is broken or not. Check the settings of the network adapter: If the user is unable to connect to the network. Then check if the network adapter is connected correctly or not. Check IP address: If the ...

What is a firewall: An integral part of computer security :- In the context of computer and network security, a firewall is a special device that prevents unauthorized access and helps to secure data. And it restricts network traffic and only allows data coming from reputable sources. Therefore, through this article, the types of firewalls, definitions, benefits, and their functions and rules for implementing them will be explained. Definition of firewall (structure):- A firewall is a security system that has been created to keep the network safe. Its main goal is to block unauthorized traffic and allow only the traffic that comes with the right credentials. It filters network traffic and monitors the data coming and going in the network. Types of firewall :- There are two types of firewalls: software firewalls and hardware firewalls. Apart from this, there are other types of network security. 1. Software Firewall: A software firewall is a program that is applied to a computer or netwo...

Concept of Switching :- In this networked world, switching is an essential function for data communication between specific devices. Data packets are sent to their destination through switching. To understand it better, know the types of switching - 1. Circuit Switching: In circuit switching, a path is arranged for the communication of data. This path remains in place until the communication is complete. This technique is widely used in telephone networks. For example, when someone calls someone, a dedicated path is created that remains in place until the call ends. 2. Packet Switching: In packet switching, information is broken down into smaller pieces called packets. Each packet contains information about the source and its destination in addition to the data. These packets move freely through the network and are reunited after reaching their destination. It is used a lot on the Internet. 3. Message Switching: In message switching, all the messages are sent at the same time. Each mes...

Wi-Fi Network Setup and Troubleshooting Wi-Fi Networks :- Nowadays, in the age of technology, the use of Wi-Fi has increased for internet access. The use of Wi-Fi networks has made internet connectivity easy in homes, offices, and public places. It is often seen that setting up Wi-Fi is difficult for many users. Set up a Wi-Fi network :- Essential Equipment:- 1. Router: To connect to a Wi-Fi network, we need a good router. Which connects to the wifi network and gives us internet. 2. Modem: To connect to a Wi-Fi network, we also need a modem along with the router. 3. Internet Connection: To connect to a Wi-Fi network, an internet service is required. 4. Ethernet Cable: To connect to a Wi-Fi network, Ethernet is required to connect the router and modem. Step 1. Hardware setup :- 1. Modem connection: To connect to the wifi network, connect your modem to the line provided by the internet provider. 2. Router connection: To connect to the wifi network, connect the modem and router via Eth...

What are 802.11ac and 802.11ax? 802.11ac and 802.11ax are very important standards for networking and Wi-Fi usage. Both these standards have been created by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers). It was created to increase the speed and performance of Wi-Fi networks. Introduction to 802.11ac :- Wi-Fi 5 is also known as 802.11ac. It is a standard of Wi-Fi technology that runs on the 5 GHz band. It is used to increase high data transfer and performance. Features of 802.11ac :- 1. High data rate: The 802.11ac standard increases high throughput to 1.3 gigahertz per second (Gbps). It is much faster than 802.11n. It is used for high-speed data downloads and for streaming and gaming. 2. Wide channel bandwidth: It uses 802.11ac 80 megahertz (MHz) and 160 MHz channels to send data at the same time. It works with high throughput. 3. Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO): It uses the 802.11 ac standard multi-user MIMO to send data to multiple devices at the same time. Using this, data ...

Difference between static and dynamic routing protocols :- The use of routing protocol is very important for networking. These protocols create routes to send network data packets from one computer to another. The routing protocol is divided into two parts. The first is a static routing protocol, and the second is a dynamic routing protocol. To know the difference between these two protocols, a network administrator and IT professional are required. Static routing protocol:- Static routing is a protocol in which a routing table is created manually by the network administrator. In this, the decision for routing work is taken permanently. And the routing does not change until the administrator makes a change. Advantages of static routing protocol :- 1. Simplicity: Static routing protocol is very simple. And it is easy to understand. Static routing protocol is a very good protocol for small networks. 2. Less overload: In static routing protocol, there is less overload on the network. Bec...

Introduction :- Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is a new networking protocol that is being used to replace IPv4. This protocol is designed to facilitate a more capable, secure, and scalable Internet. To know the advantages and requirements of IPv6, one must first know the disadvantages of IPv4 and the features of IPv6. Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) Requirements :- Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) has 4.3 billion unique addresses; due to the rapid expansion of the Internet, this addressing system has become inadequate. Internet Protocol version 6 operates on a 128-bit addressing system, which produces 340 undecillion (i.e., 3.4 10^38) unique addresses. This provides a lot of addresses for the future. And is essential for the growth of the Internet in the coming years. Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Addressing Structure :- The Internet Protocol Version 6 address is spread over 128 bits and is divided into 8 parts in hexadecimal form. For example: 2001: 0db8: 85a3: 0000: 000...

Routing algorithm in computer network :- A routing algorithm is used to send data packets from source to destination in a computer network. Using it affects the performance of the network. What is a routing algorithm? :- Routing algorithm works to make rules. By which it decides which route the data packets will take in the network. Its job is to find a good path between the source and the destination. Data can be sent at high speed with the use of a routing algorithm. Types of routing algorithm :- 1. Static routing algorithm: Static routing algorithm uses a pre-determined routing table. It does a manual update with the network administrator. This algorithm affects small networks. In this, there is less change in the topology of the network. 2. Dynamic routing algorithm: The dynamic routing algorithm automatically updates the routing table. This algorithm monitors the status of the network. And changes the route as per the need. For example, Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open...

Subnetting:- Subnetting is a networking technique. It is used to divide a large network into smaller networks. This technique simplifies the network. And also secures the network. Concept of Subnetting:- Subnetting is a technique. Through which a large IP network is divided into smaller parts. Each part or subnet creates a different IP address or subnet mask. Through subnetting, the network administrator can divide a large network into smaller parts. This improves the security of the network. Structure of IP address and subnet mask:- An IP address is a 32-bit digit. It is divided into four octets. For example, 192.168.1.1 is an IP address. Each octet represents a digit from 0 to 255. The subnet mask is also a single 32-bit digit. It is used to divide the IP address into network and host parts. For example 255.255.255.0 is a subnet mask in which the first three octets are part of the network. And the last octet is of the host. Importance of Subnetting:- 1. Improvement in netw...

Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) is most used in the world of networking. In this article, all the information about the structure and classes of IPv4 addressing will be given, and its example will also be given. Structure of IPv4:- Internet Protocol Version 4 address is of 32 bits and 4 bytes, and it is represented in 4 parts of decimal. Each part is from 0 to 255. For example, 192. 168. 1.1 is a valid Internet Protocol Version 4 address. Internet Protocol Version 4 address is divided into the following 2 parts: 1. Network Part - The network part does the work of finding out where the IP address is present in the network. 2. Host Part - It works to identify the necessary devices inside the network. The main purpose of Internet Protocol Version 4 addressing is to send data packets to their correct place on the Internet or any other network. Every device that connects to the Internet has an IPv4 address. This way, data packets can travel to their intended device without any interrupt...

What is DHCP? Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol that works to give an IP address to the device in the network. DHCP protocol is used when a new device joins the network. And the device needs an address to work on the Internet. Then it is used. We do not need to set the IP address manually every time. History of DHCP :- The DHCP protocol was developed in 1993. DHCP was also recognized by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). The DHCP protocol is a part of BOOTP (BOOTSTRAP protocol). This protocol works to give an IP address to the device. How DHCP works :- 1. DHCP Discover: When a device connects to the network, it sends a DHCP Discover broadcast message. Which is sent to the network devices, its job is to find the DHCP server on the network. 2. DHCP OFFER: When the DHCP server sends a message to the discoverer, it sends it in the form of an offer. It gives the temporary IP address of the device, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS server information. 3. DHCP...

Domain Name System (DNS)? Domain Name System (DNS) is one of the most important services of the Internet. Its job is to allow proper access to websites and other Internet services. Whenever we type the URL of a website in the browser, DNS finds the IP address of that website and takes us to that IP address. Introduction to DNS :- DNS means Domain Name System, whose job is to find the IP address of domain names and take us to it. Every apparatus connected to the digital superhighway possesses a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address. DNS enables it. So that it is easy for the user to remember it. And there is no need to remember the IP address. Function of DNS :- The job of DNS is to convert domain names into app addresses. For example, when we type the URL of a website, the DNS server converts that domain name into an IP address. 1. Carrying of domain name: When we type the name of a website, its web browser does a DNS carry out. 2. Root DNS Server: First of all, the browser connects to...

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) in Computer Networks :- File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a network protocol that is used to send files from one computer to another. This protocol is a protocol recognized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Therefore, this protocol is used in more places. History of FTP :- FTP was developed in 1971. When it was created for ARPANET. This protocol was used to send files from the beginning. But now it is also used with TCP/IP networking. FTP is also responsible for the development of the Internet. Function and use of FTP :- The job of FTP is to send files from one computer to another in a secure way. Uploading website files to a web server: Web developers use FTP to upload their website files to a web server. Downloading software updates: Using FTP, many software companies provide updates to their users. Backing up files: FTP servers are used by many users and companies to back up files. Types of FTP :- FTP has two types: 1. ACTIVE FTP: In ACTIVE FT...

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure):-  HTTP and HTTPS are both essential protocols for internet communication. Data is transferred between websites and web servers through these protocols. HTTP :- Hypertext Transfer Protocol is used for web browsing and is used for transferring data between servers. The HTTP protocol functions based on the client-server architecture.Where the user receives data from the server through the browser. Features of HTTP :- 1. Stateless Protocol: Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a stateless protocol. It does not store every previous request and response. 2. Response Time: There is no data encryption in HTTP. Due to which data is transferred at high speed in Hypertext Transfer Protocol. 3. Standard Port: Hypertext Transfer Protocol always runs on port 80. 4. Insecure: Hypertext Transfer Protocol is not a secure protocol. In this, data is sent without encryption. Advantages of HTTP :- 1. Speed ​​Loading: Hypertex...

Wireless Access Point (WAP) :- WAP is one of the most important devices that is used to access the internet via a wireless network. So it is a hardware device that allows wireless communication devices like tablets, laptops, smartphones, etc., to connect to the network. So we will tell you all the information about WAP, which includes its types, functions, and setup process.  A wireless access point is used for networking. It is used to connect devices and laptops and mobiles to the internet. This device works as a local area network. Introduction to WAP :-  WAP is a device that  sees wireless signals and helps in putting internet connections in wireless devices. This device is also known as WAP or AP. The most important work of WAP is to create a wireless local area network (WLAN).  Using WAP, we can also send signals so that the device can connect to the wireless network. It uses an access control system for the security of the network. Due to which the network rem...